牙齒發育及萌發圖譜
我們發展了這一套基於完整實證的圖譜,它同時運用牙齒發育與齒槽萌發的階段來評估介於胚胎發育28週到23歲之間個體的年紀。此圖譜所呈現的是一個接續性的圖解,期間沒有發育年齡上的間隔或重複 1。
資料的來源是來自於能夠確認死亡年紀的72顆產前及104顆產後的頭顱骨骸(男性91,女性72,未知性別13),它們均選自由英格蘭皇家外科學院及英國倫敦國立歷史博物館的館藏中2, 3。資料也有的是來自歸檔的存活者之牙科X光片(男性264,女性264)4。這個圖譜在所有年齡分期中,均是以牙齒發育及萌發的中間值來建立的。牙齒發育是依據Moorrees,Fanning及Hunt的研究5,6,萌發則以與齒槽骨高度的相對高度來評估7, 8 。檢驗者的重現率在755顆牙齒(65個個體)中,使用Kappa計算為0.85。
圖解繪製時,在妊娠期最後三個月是以每個月的牙齒發育來代表呈現,接近足月出生(40週)時是以兩週為代表,出生的第一年以每三個月,之後則代表每年的發育。
此圖譜可被下載及使用於教學目的或個人學習。
電子交互式的軟件現在可以免費使用。
引用:
- AlQahtani S J (2008). Atlas of tooth development and eruption. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry. London, Queen Mary University of London. MClinDent.
- Stack M V (1960). Forensic Estimation of Age in Infancy by Gravimetric Observations on the Developing Dentition. Journal of the Forensic science Society 1(1): 49-59.
- Liversidge HM, T I Molleson. (1999) Developing permanent tooth length as an estimate of age. Journal of Forensic Sciences 44:917-920.
- AlQahtani S J, H M Liversidge, M P Hector (2009). Atlas of tooth development and eruption. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2010 Jul;142(3):481-90
- Moorrees C F A, E A Fanning, E E Hunt (1963a). Age Variation of Formation Stages for Ten Permanent Teeth. Journal of Dental Research 42: 1490-502.
- Moorrees C F A, E A Fanning, E E Hunt (1963b). Formation and Resorption of Three Deciduous Teeth in Children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 21: 205-13.
- Bengston R G (1935). A study of the time of eruption and root development of the permanent teeth between six and thirteen years. Northwest University Bulletin 35: 3-9.
- Liversidge H M, T I Molleson (2004). Variation in crown and root formation and eruption of human deciduous teeth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123(2): 172-80.
聯絡資訊:
Dr. Sakher Jaber AlQahtani: PhD student
電子郵件asakher@ksu.edu.sa
Dr. Helen Liversidge, PhD supervisor
電子郵件h.m.liversidge@qmul.ac.uk
Prof. Mark Hector: PhD supervisor
電子郵件m.p.hector@qmul.ac.uk
著作權登記號碼: VAu000979741