Techniques and Theory

The following pages contain information on the history, theory, and correct use of footnotes and citation in academic work:

1. Citation Techniques
   • What are footnotes and citations for?
   • Citational and discursive footnotes
   • Placing a footnote
   • Methods of limiting footnotes
   • 'Ibid', 'loc. cit.' and 'op.cit.'
   • Abbreviations found in citations
   • Citing Indirect Sources
   • Personal Citation Hygiene
   • A Footnote Exercise
2. Citation Theory
   • The History of Footnotes
   • The History of Footnote Systems and Style Guides
   • The MHRA Style Guide
   • Footnotes and Narrative