COLT: Citation On-Line Tutorial
In creating your own footnotes, and in reading others' footnotes, you will encounter a range of abbreviations and contractions. This page summarises the most common ones you'll encounter. Note the various forms used. And remember the distinction between contractions and abbreviations: contractions end in the last letter of the full word (like Mr, Dr, Jr, vols, edn) and do not take a full stop. Abbreviations do not end in the last letter of the full word (like ed., trans., vol., p.) and do take a full stop.
These abbreviations/contractions are mostly taken from the MHRA Style Guide. Where the MHRA do not offer an abbreviation/contraction for a term, we offer here a commonly used possibility. This list does not include the USPS state abbreviations.
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