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Professor Leo Dunkel

Leo

Professor of Paediatric Endocrinology

Centre: Endocrinology

Email: l.dunkel@qmul.ac.uk
Telephone: +44(0) 20 7882 6235

Profile

Professor Leo Dunkel graduated in Medicine in 1981 at the University of Helsinki, Finland and completed his residency in Paediatrics and Paediatric Endocrinology at the Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki. After his residency, he undertook postdoctoral training in the Division of Reproductive Biology at Stanford University. He worked at the University of Kuopio, Finland, as Chair of Paediatrics in the Department of Clinical Medicine, before moving to the Centre for Endocrinology at the William Harvey Research Institute in 2011.

Professor Dunkel was the Founding member and first Chairman of the Finnish Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (1999) and has been an active member of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (Member from 1988), including as a Council Member (2000-2004) and Program Organising Committee Member (2007-2012). Professor Dunkel has also served on the Committee for Scientific Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki (1998-2001) and University of Kuopio (2004-2011) and on the Editorial Boards of several scientific journals. He currently serves on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Research

Collaborators and alumni

  • Prof Leonardo Guasti
  • Dr Sasha Howard (Clinical Reader)
  • Dr Muriel Meso
  • Dr Harsini Katugampola
  • Dr Jayna Mistry
  • Dr Alessandra Mancini
  • Dr Tansit Saengkaew

Summary 

Paediatric Endocrinology Research Group
Professor Dunkel has a long-standing interest in the area of growth and puberty. In the past 10 years, he has focused on the regulation of linear growth. These studies have culminated in a conceptually new paradigm: inhibiting the biological action of oestrogen could provide an efficacious therapy for treating various growth disorders. Indeed, the growth promoting potential of a third-generation aromatase inhibitor is currently being investigated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Professor Dunkel is also using genetic tools to establish the causes of X in his well-characterized cohort So far, these studies have established that a previously uncharacterised gene (IGSF10) promotes the growth and differentiation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, an important discovery because it implicates involvement of a previously unsuspected biological pathway in the control of pubertal timing.  He has also accrued good evidence that ISGF10 variants may underlie some cases of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), where patients have complete pubertal failure due to GnRH deficiency.

A major focus of Professor Dunkel’s current work is the development of novel cell models to interrogate the genetic factors underlying the timing of sexual maturation through the GnRH neuronal network (see Figures 1 through 3). To this end, his group has generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines to enable study of neuronal growth and GnRH-neuron differentiation in patients with disorders of sexual maturation: self-limited delayed puberty, Kallmann Syndrome (KS) and HH. This platform promises to act as a basis for delineating the processes of neuronal maturation, for example, by genetically manipulating candidate gene expression in patient-generated iPSC lines. It also provides an excellent resource to study the functional effects of variants found in his exome sequencing studies of patients with self-limited delayed puberty.  

Genetics of the timing of puberty

Genetics of the timing of puberty

Figure 1. Genetics of the timing of puberty.  The precise genetic causes of the extreme tails of normal puberty are unclear, as is the basis of association of specific gene variants with pubertal timing in the general population (outside of families with GnRH deficiency or self-limited delayed puberty). Understanding the role(s) of gene variants influencing the timing of puberty, both precocious and delayed, is expected to contribute to the understanding of the biological control of human pubertal timing both in disease and in the general population. This knowledge could directly help patients through improved diagnostic ease and facilitate identification of gene-environmental interactions. Based on the observed inheritance pattern, we hypothesize that families with inherited constitutional delay in growth and puberty are enriched for genetic variants that have high-impact on pubertal timing and, that these variants are amenable to discovery using modern molecular genetic tools. Recently, we have discovered evidence that such high impact variants may influence the timing of puberty, significantly delaying the onset of puberty in a subset of families.

Overlap between genetic regulation of the timing of puberty in the general population and in patients

Figure 2. Overlap between genetic regulation of the timing of puberty in the general population and in patients. Orange, examples of gene signals identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as regulating the timing of puberty in the general population. Genes associated with conditions of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, such as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS), and (in blue) self-limited delayed puberty.

Working model of how IGSF10 mutations delay puberty

 

Figure 3. Working model of how IGSF10 mutations delay puberty. Reduced IGSF10 expression during embryogenesis in the corridor of nasal mesenchyme cells of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) leading to the olfactory bulbs delays the migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to the hypothalamus. This reduction manifests in adolescence as a phenotype of delayed puberty due to abnormalities of the GnRH neuronal network.

Publications

  • Dunkel L, Saengkaew T, Howard SR (2024). Disorders of Puberty and Their Management. nameOfConference


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  • Rahman T, Freer J, Cordani I et al. (publicationYear). Parental and healthcare provider attitudes towards the Healthy Child Programme in England: a qualitative analysis. nameOfConference


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  • Lippincott MF, Schafer EC, Hindman AA et al. (2024). Contributions of Common Genetic Variants to Constitutional Delay of Puberty and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. nameOfConference


  • Lettieri A, Oleari R, van den Munkhof MH et al. (publicationYear). SEMA6A drives GnRH neuron-dependent puberty onset by tuning median eminence vascular permeability. nameOfConference


  • Orr J, Thaventhiran T, Freer J et al. (publicationYear). Testing a screening algorithm for the identification of growth-disorders for use in UK children. nameOfConference


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  • Ishida H, Saba R, Kokkinopoulos I et al. (2023). GFRA2 Identifies Cardiac Progenitors and Mediates Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in a RET-Independent Signaling Pathway. nameOfConference


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  • Thaventhiran T, Orr J, Morris JK et al. (2023). A Digital Health Solution for Child Growth Monitoring at Home: Testing the Accuracy of a Novel “GrowthMonitor” Smartphone Application to Detect Abnormal Height and Body Mass Indices. nameOfConference


  • Aung Y, Kokotsis V, Yin KN et al. (publicationYear). Key features of puberty onset and progression can help distinguish self-limited delayed puberty from congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. nameOfConference


  • Freer J, Orr J, Walton R et al. (2023). Does stunting still matter in high-income countries?. nameOfConference


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  • Duckett K, Williamson A, Kincaid JWR et al. (2023). Prevalence of Deleterious Variants in MC3R in Patients With Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Mistry JN, Silvennoinen S, Zaman F et al. (publicationYear). The crosstalk between FGF21 and GH leads to weakened GH receptor signaling and IGF1 expression and is associated with growth failure in very preterm infants. nameOfConference


  • Argente J, Dunkel L, Kaiser UB et al. (2023). Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications. nameOfConference


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  • Freer J, Orr J, Morris JK et al. (publicationYear). Short stature and language development in the United Kingdom: a longitudinal analysis of children from the Millennium Cohort Study. nameOfConference


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  • Thaventhiran T, Orr J, Morris J et al. (publicationYear). Development and testing of a novel 'Growth monitor' Smartphone App for growth monitoring and the detection of growth disorders. nameOfConference


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  • Dunkel L, Prasad R, Martin L et al. (publicationYear). UK protocol for induction of puberty with gonadotropins in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. nameOfConference


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  • Silventoinen K, Jelenkovic A, Palviainen T et al. (2022). The Association Between Puberty Timing and Body Mass Index in a Longitudinal Setting: The Contribution of Genetic Factors. nameOfConference


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  • Saengkaew T, Ruiz-Babot G, David A et al. (publicationYear). Whole exome sequencing identifies deleterious rare variants in CCDC141 in familial self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference


  • Howard S, Saengkaew T, Dunkel L et al. (publicationYear). Dominant mutations in CCDC141 are found by ehole rxome dequencing to be a common cause of self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Saengkaew T, Patel HR, Banerjee K et al. (publicationYear). Genetic evaluation supports differential diagnosis in adolescent patients with delayed puberty. nameOfConference


  • Orr J, Freer J, Morris JK et al. (2021). 1099 An analysis of stunting in England using national data from the national child measurement programme. Abstracts


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  • Thaventhiran T, Harding V, Hsu A et al. (2023). Development and testing of a novel 'GrowthMonitor' Smartphone App for growth monitoring and the detection of growth disorders. nameOfConference


  • Orr J, Freer J, Morris JK et al. (publicationYear). Regional differences in short stature in England between 2006 and 2019: A cross-sectional analysis from the National Child Measurement Programme. nameOfConference


  • Dunkel L, Fernandez-Luque L, Loche S et al. (2021). Digital technologies to improve the precision of paediatric growth disorder diagnosis and management. nameOfConference


  • Saengkaew T, Mancini A, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (2021). Defects in the GnRH Neuronal Migration factor, CCDC141, Lead to Self-Limited Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


  • Saengkaew T, Dunkel L, Howard SR (2021). Role of Genetic Analysis for the Differential Diagnosis of Delayed Puberty from the UK Puberty Cohort. nameOfConference


  • Rantakallio JSS, Nevalainen JE, West SI et al. (2021). Association of Self-Reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity, and Weight Gain From Adolescence to Adulthood With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. nameOfConference


  • Persani L, Bonomi M, Cools M et al. (2021). ENDO-ERN expert opinion on the differential diagnosis of pubertal delay. nameOfConference


  • Palmert MR, Chan Y-M, Dunkel L (2021). 18 Puberty and Its Disorders in the Male. nameOfConference


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  • Cottrell E, Cabrera CP, Ishida M et al. (2020). Rare CNVs provide novel insights into the molecular basis of GH and IGF-1 insensitivity. nameOfConference


  • Saari A, Pokka J, Mäkitie O et al. (2021). Early Detection of Abnormal Growth Associated with Juvenile Acquired Hypothyroidism. nameOfConference


  • Patel H, Howard, Saengkaew T et al. (2020). G426(P) Delayed or absent? Use of next generation sequencing diagnostic tools in a UK puberty cohort. BSPED


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  • Karvonen M, Saari A, Lamidi M et al. (2021). Screening of hydrocephalus in infants using either WHO or population‐based head circumference reference charts. nameOfConference


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  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Marelli F et al. (2020). LGR4 deficiency results in delayed puberty through impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. nameOfConference


  • Palmert MR, Chan YM, Dunkel L (2020). Puberty and Its Disorders in the Male. nameOfConference


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  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP et al. (publicationYear). Defects in LGR4 Wnt-[beta]-catenin signalling impair GnRH network development, leading to delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, de Roux N, Leger J et al. (2019). Puberty and its disorders. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Koskenniemi J, Dunkel L et al. (publicationYear). Postnatal Testicular Activity in Healthy Boys and Boys With Cryptorchidism. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Cabrera C, Barnes M et al. (2019). MON-LB048 Delayed or Absent? Use of Next Generation Sequencing Diagnostic Tools in a UK Puberty Cohort. nameOfConference


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  • Howard SR, Dunkel L (2019). Delayed Puberty – Phenotypic Diversity, Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Recent Discoveries. nameOfConference


  • Varimo T, Toiviainen-Salo S, Raivio T et al. (publicationYear). Letrozole Monotherapy in Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys Does Not Increase Adult Height. nameOfConference


  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2019). Genetics of Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP et al. (2019). EAP1 regulation of GnRH promoter activity is important for human pubertal timing. nameOfConference


  • Saengkaew T, Mancini A, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (2019). Defects in the GnRH Neuroendocrine Network Affect the Timing of Puberty. nameOfConference

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  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP et al. (2019). LGR 4-Wnt β-catenin signalling directs GnRH network development, with defects leading to self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference

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  • Howard SR, Cabrera CP, Barnes MR et al. (publicationYear). Delayed or Absent? - use of next generation sequencing diagnostic tools in a UK puberty cohort. nameOfConference


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  • Howard SR, Oleari R, Poliandri A et al. (2018). HS6ST1 Insufficiency Causes Self-Limited Delayed Puberty in Contrast With Other GnRH Deficiency Genes. nameOfConference


  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2018). ‘Management of Hypogonadism From Birth to Adolescence’ for Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. nameOfConference


  • Kuiri‐Hänninen T, Dunkel L, Sankilampi U (2018). Sexual dimorphism in postnatal gonadotrophin levels in infancy reflects diverse maturation of the ovarian and testicular hormone synthesis. nameOfConference


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  • DUNKEL L, Saari A, Virta LJ et al. (publicationYear). Inhaled corticosteroids in infants and toddlers attenuate linear growth. nameOfConference


  • Cassatella D, Howard SR, Acierno JS et al. (2018). Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of growth and puberty have distinct genetic architectures. nameOfConference


  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Cabrera CP et al. (2018). EAP1 Mutations Cause an Impaired Transcriptional Activity on GnRH Promoter That Leads to Self-Limited Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference

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  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2018). Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism, Female. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2018). Delayed puberty and hypogonadism; female. nameOfConference


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  • Gelander L, Niklasson A, Holmgren A et al. (2018). Evaluating Cut-offs for Automatic Growth Screening in Swedish Children - Using The Finnish Growth Monitoring Algorithm. nameOfConference

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  • Howard S, Oleari R, Mancini A et al. (2018). Role of GnRH Neuronal Migration and Development in Self-Limited Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference

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  • Howard SR, Guasti L, Poliandri A et al. (2018). Contributions of Function-Altering Variants in Genes Implicated in Pubertal Timing and Body Mass for Self-Limited Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


  • Miller DC, Harmer SC, Poliandri A et al. (2017). Ajmaline blocks I Na and I Kr without eliciting differences between Brugada syndrome patient and control human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac clusters. nameOfConference


  • Howard S, Andre V, Guasti L et al. (publicationYear). Patients with self-limited delayed puberty harbour mutations in multiple genes controlling GnRH neuronal development. nameOfConference


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  • Dunkel L, Howard S (2018). The Genetic Basis of Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


  • Katugampola H, King PJ, Chatterjee S et al. (2017). Kisspeptin is a novel regulator of human fetal adrenocortical development and function – a finding with important implications for the human feto-placental unit. nameOfConference


  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2017). Normal and Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Poliandri A, Miller D, Howard S et al. (2017). Generation of kisspeptin-responsive GnRH neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. nameOfConference


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  • Quinton R, Mamoojee Y, Jayasena CN et al. (2017). Society for Endocrinology UK guidance on the evaluation of suspected disorders of sexual development: emphasizing the opportunity to predict adolescent pubertal failure through a neonatal diagnosis of absent minipuberty.. nameOfConference


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  • Huhtaniemi IT, Howard S, Dunkel L et al. (2017). 4.01 The Gonadal Axis: A Life Perspective. nameOfConference


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  • Howard SR, Andre V, Guasti L et al. (2017). DISCOVERY OF MUTATIONS IN MULTIPLE GENES CONTROLLING GNRH NEURONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SELF-LIMITED DELAYED PUBERTY. nameOfConference

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  • Mistry JN, Ruiz-Babot G, Zaman F et al. (2017). MECHANISMS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 21 (FGF21) MEDIATED GROWTH HORMONE RESISTANCE IN HUMAN GROWTH PLATE IN CHRONIC CHILDHOOD CONDITIONS. nameOfConference

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  • Huhtaniemi I, Howard S, Dunkel L et al. (2016). The Gonadal Axis: A life perspective. nameOfConference

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  • Mancini A, Howard SR, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (publicationYear). LGR4 and EAP1 mutations are implicated in the phenotype of self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Narendra MJ, Ruiz-Babot G, Guasti L et al. (publicationYear). The mechanistic role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in growth hormone resistance secondary to chronic childhood conditions. nameOfConference


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  • Ishida H, Saba R, Kokkinopoulos I et al. (2016). GFRA2 Identifies Cardiac Progenitors and Mediates Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in a RET-Independent Signaling Pathway.. nameOfConference


  • Kiviranta P, Kuiri-Ha nninen T, Saari A et al. (2016). Transient Postnatal Gonadal Activation and Growth Velocity in Infancy. nameOfConference


  • Varimo T, Dunkel L, Vaaralahti K et al. (publicationYear). Circulating makorin ring finger protein 3 levels decline in boys before the clinical onset of puberty.. nameOfConference


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  • HOWARD SR, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (2016). IGSF10 mutations dysregulate gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal migration resulting in delayed puberty. nameOfConference


  • Savage MO, Backeljauw PF, Calzada R et al. (2016). Early Detection, Referral, Investigation, and Diagnosis of Children with Growth Disorders.. nameOfConference


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  • Demir A, Voutilainen R, Stenman U-H et al. (2016). First Morning Voided Urinary Gonadotropin Measurements as an Alternative to the GnRH Test. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (2016). Role of IGSF10 mutations in self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Scherdel P, Dunkel L, van Dommelen P et al. (2016). Growth monitoring as an early detection tool: a systematic review. nameOfConference


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  • Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L et al. (2006). 422 N-ACETYL-l-CYSTEINE RESTORES GLUTATHIONE-TO-GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE RATIO AND PREVENTS HUMAN MALE GERM CELL APOPTOSIS.. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Dunkel L (2016). Sex Steroid and Gonadotropin Treatment in Male Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Poliandre A, Storr HL et al. (publicationYear). Mutations in HS6ST1 cause self-limited delayed puberty (DP) in addition to idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (publicationYear). Mutations in IGSF10 cause self-limited delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Poliandri A, Storr H et al. (publicationYear). Mutations in HS6ST1 are causal in self-limited delayed puberty as well as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Guasti L, Ruiz-Babot G et al. (publicationYear). Mutations in IGSF10 cause self-limited delayed puberty, via disturbance of GnRH neuronal migration. nameOfConference


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  • Stalman SE, Hellinga I, van Dommelen P et al. (2015). Application of the Dutch, Finnish and British Screening Guidelines in a Cohort of Children with Growth Failure. nameOfConference


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  • Asadi-Azarbaijani B, Sheikhi M, Nurmio M et al. (2016). Minimal residual disease of leukemia and the quality of cryopreserved human ovarian tissue in vitro. nameOfConference


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  • Raivio T, Dunkel L (2015). Letter to the Editor: Comment On The Treatment Of Adolescent Boys With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism By Gong C., et al. nameOfConference


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  • Boehm U, Bouloux P-M, Dattani MT et al. (2015). European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism—pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. nameOfConference


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  • Cousminer DL, Leinonen JT, Sarin A-P et al. (publicationYear). Targeted Resequencing of the Pericentromere of Chromosome 2 Linked to Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty. nameOfConference


  • Joustra SD, Wehkalampi K, Oostdijk W et al. (2015). IGSF1 variants in boys with familial delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Saari A, Virta LJ, Sankilampi U et al. (2015). Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life. nameOfConference


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  • Saari A, Harju S, Mäkitie O et al. (2015). Systematic Growth Monitoring for the Early Detection of Celiac Disease in Children. nameOfConference


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  • Storr HL, Dunkel L, Kowalczyk J et al. (2015). Genetic characterisation of a cohort of children clinically labelled as GH or IGF1 insensitive: diagnostic value of serum IGF1 and height at presentation.. nameOfConference


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  • Guasti L, Silvennoinen S, Bulstrode NW et al. (2014). Elevated FGF21 leads to attenuated postnatal linear growth in preterm infants through GH resistance in chondrocytes.. nameOfConference


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  • Joustra SD, Joustra SD, Wehkalampi K et al. (2014). IGSF1 variants in boys with familial delayed puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Katugampola H, Halder W, Ganatra R et al. (publicationYear). Expression of Sonic hedgehog signalling components in the developing human adrenal cortex. nameOfConference


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  • Frederiksen H, Kuiri-Hänninen T, Main KM et al. (2014). A longitudinal study of urinary phthalate excretion in 58 full-term and 67 preterm infants from birth through 14 months.. nameOfConference


  • Dunkel L, Quinton R (2014). Transition in endocrinology: induction of puberty.. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Guasti L, Storr H et al. (publicationYear). A novel gene affecting the timing of puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L (2014). Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy: Minipuberty. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L (2014). Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in infancy: minipuberty.. nameOfConference


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  • Palmert MR, Dunkel L, Witchel SF (2014). CHAPTER 17 Puberty and its disorders in the male. nameOfConference


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  • Palmert MR, Dunkel L, Witchel SF (2014). Puberty and its disorders in the male. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Haanpää M, Turpeinen U et al. (2013). Postnatal ovarian activation has effects in estrogen target tissues in infant girls.. nameOfConference


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  • Howard S, Barnes M, Storr H et al. (2013). Familial constitutional delay in growth and puberty is a condition with significant genetic heterogeneity and limited overlap with the timing of puberty in the general population. nameOfConference


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  • Jahnukainen K, Tinkanen H, Wikstrom A et al. (2013). Bone marrow remission status predicts leukemia contamination in ovarian biopsies collected for fertility preservation. nameOfConference


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  • Karvonen M, Saari A, Hannila M-L et al. (2013). Elevated Head Circumference-to-Height Ratio Is an Early and Frequent Feature in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1. nameOfConference


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  • Saari A, Sankilampi U, Dunkel L (2013). Multiethnic WHO Growth Charts May Not Be Optimal in the Screening of Disorders Affecting Height: Turner Syndrome as a Model. nameOfConference


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  • Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L, Saari A et al. (2013). New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Haanpää M, Turpeinen U et al. (2013). Transient postnatal secretion of androgen hormones is associated with acne and sebaceous gland hypertrophy in early infancy.. nameOfConference


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  • Sankilampi U, Saari A, Laine T et al. (2013). Use of Electronic Health Records for Automated Screening of Growth Disorders in Primary Care. nameOfConference


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  • Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Dunkel L et al. (2012). Genetic and environmental influences on chest circumference during infancy: a longitudinal study of japanese twins.. nameOfConference


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  • Saari A, Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L et al. (2012). Screening of turner syndrome with novel auxological criteria facilitates early diagnosis.. nameOfConference


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  • Kallio S, Aittomaki K, Piltonen T et al. (2012). Anti-Mullerian hormone as a predictor of follicular reserve in ovarian insufficiency: special emphasis on FSH-resistant ovaries. nameOfConference


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  • Hero M, Tommiska J, Vaaralahti K et al. (2012). Circulating antimullerian hormone levels in boys decline during early puberty and correlate with inhibin B. nameOfConference


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  • Palmert MR, Dunkel L (2012). Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


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  • Turpeinen U, Hamalainen E, Haanpaa M et al. (2012). Determination of salivary testosterone and androstendione by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. nameOfConference


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  • Karvonen M, Hannila M-L, Saari A et al. (2012). New Finnish reference for head circumference from birth to 7 years. nameOfConference


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  • Kuiri-Hanninen T, Kallio S, Seuri R et al. (2012). Postnatal Developmental Changes in the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Preterm and Term Infant Girls EDITORIAL COMMENT. nameOfConference


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  • Lamminmaki A, Hines M, Kuiri-Hanninen T et al. (2012). Testosterone measured in infancy predicts subsequent sex-typed behavior in boys and in girls. nameOfConference


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  • Kilpelainen L, Ivaska KK, Kuiri-Hanninen T et al. (2012). Urinary osteocalcin and serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide predict linear catch-up growth in infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Kallio S, Seuri R et al. (2011). Postnatal developmental changes in the pituitary-ovarian axis in preterm and term infant girls.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Hero M (2012). Aromatase Inhibitors and Growth Disorders. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Silventoinen K, Karvonen M, Sugimoto M et al. (2011). Genetics of Head Circumference in Infancy: A Longitudinal Study of Japanese Twins. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Dunkel L, Vaaralahti K et al. (2011). Serum FGF21 in boys with idiopathic short stature: relationship to lipid profile, onset of puberty and growth.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vaaralahti K, Wehkalampi K, Tommiska J et al. (2011). The role of gene defects underlying isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Bang P, Bjerknes R, Dahlgren J et al. (2011). A comparison of different definitions of growth response in short prepubertal children treated with growth hormone. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Saari A, Sankilampi U, Hannila M-L et al. (2011). New Finnish growth references for children and adolescents aged 0 to 20 years: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-length/height, and body mass index-for-age.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Dunkel L (2011). Klinefelter syndrome. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Hovi P, Dunkel L et al. (2011). Advanced Pubertal Growth Spurt in Subjects Born Preterm: The Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Pääkilä K, Laine T et al. (2011). Adult Height in Girls with Delayed Pubertal Growth. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2011). Chairman's Summary: Molecular Background of ISS. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kallio S, Kuiri-Hanninen T, Tyrvainen E et al. (2011). Evidence for fetal maturation and postnatal activation of ovarian follicle development in human. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kuiri-Hänninen T, Seuri R, Tyrväinen E et al. (2011). Increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in infancy results in increased androgen action in premature boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wit JM, Dunkel L (2011). Overview: Developments in Idiopathic Short Stature. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2011). Treatment of idiopathic short stature: effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, aromatase inhibitors and anabolic steroids.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Maury S, Luotoniemi E et al. (2010). Cognitive effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy in peripubertal boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Toiviainen-Salo S, Wickman S et al. (2010). Vertebral morphology in aromatase inhibitor-treated males with idiopathic short stature or constitutional delay of puberty.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Tommiska J, Wehkalampi K, Vaaralahti K et al. (2010). LIN28B in constitutional delay of growth and puberty.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Laitinen E-M, Tommiska J, Dunkel L et al. (2010). Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a mother and her monozygotic twins born after a single embryo transfer.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2010). Off-label use of aromatase inhibitors to promote taller stature: is it safe.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vallette‐Kasic S, Pulichino A, Gueydan M et al. (2004). A Neonatal Form of Isolated ACTH Deficiency Frequently Associated with Tpit Gene Mutations. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Maury S, Luotoniemi E et al. (2009). Cognitive effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy in peripubertal boys. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Lindfors K, Sinkkonen J et al. (2009). Constitutional delay of growth and puberty predicts minor psychiatric morbidity in adolescence. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Mäkitie O, Kröger H et al. (2009). Impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on bone turnover, cortical bone growth and vertebral morphology in pre- and peripubertal boys with idiopathic short stature.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kuiri-Hanninen T, Sankilampi U, Hamalainen E et al. (2009). Longitudinal assessment of urinary gonadotropin and testosterone levels and their relation to postnatal penile and testicular growth in full term and preterm boys. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2009). Update on the role of aromatase inhibitors in growth disorders.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Bang P, Bjerknes R, Dahlgren J et al. (2009). What is a poor growth response to rhGH therapy? A comparison of different definitions of growth response in 456 Nordic short statured children treated with rhGH. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J et al. (2008). Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Silventoinen K, Haukka J, Dunkel L et al. (2008). Genetics of pubertal timing and its associations with relative weight in childhood and adult height: the Swedish Young Male Twins Study.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • TAPANAINEN J, MARTIKAINEN H, DUNKEL L et al. (1983). STEROIDOGENIC RESPONSE TO A SINGLE INJECTION OF hCG IN PRE‐ AND EARLY PUBERTAL CRYPTORCHID BOYS. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Euling SY, Herman-Giddens ME, Lee PA et al. (2008). Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: Panel findings. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • LEINONEN P, DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J et al. (1983). MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF TESTICULAR 17‐KETOSTEROID REDUCTASE. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Widen E, Laine T et al. (2008). A locus on chromosome 2 regulates the timing of puberty. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Dunkel L (2008). Aromatase inhibitors in bone and growth plate. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T et al. (2008). Association of the timing of puberty with a chromosome 2 locus.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2008). Klinefelter Syndrome (KS): Growth and Hormone Replacement. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2008). New Strategies to Improve Final Height. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Widén E, Laine T et al. (2008). Patterns of inheritance of constitutional delay of growth and puberty in families of adolescent girls and boys referred to specialist pediatric care.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Dunkel L (2008). Testicular function in Klinefelter syndrome.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Lindfors K, Elovainio M, Wickman S et al. (2007). Brief report: The role of ego development in psychosocial adjustment among boys with delayed puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Vangonen K, Laine T et al. (2007). Progressive reduction of relative height in childhood predicts adult stature below target height in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2007). Aromatase inhibitors. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Hoei-Hansen CE, Dunkel L et al. (2007). Immunoexpression of androgen receptor and nine markers of maturation in the testes of adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome: Evidence for degeneration of germ cells at the onset of meiosis. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Makitie H, Kroger H et al. (2007). The impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on bone turnover, cortical bone growth and vertebral morphology in peripubertal boys with idiopathic short stature. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Wikström AM, Dunkel L (2007). Treatment of gonadotropin-deficient boys with recombinant human FSH: long-term observation and outcome.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2007). [Not Available].. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2006). Management of children with idiopathic short stature. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Taskinen M-R et al. (2006). Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2006). Use of aromatase inhibitors to increase final height.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vera Y, Erkkilä K, Wang C et al. (2006). Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in apoptotic signaling of murine and human male germ cells after hormone deprivation. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Painter JN, Raivio T et al. (2006). Genetic features of the X chromosome affect pubertal development and testicular degeneration in adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Wikstrom M et al. (2006). Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Dunkel L, Wickman S et al. (2006). Are adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome androgen deficient? A longitudinal study of Finnish 47,XXY boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Wickman S, Dunkel L (2006). Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole during adolescence increases near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U et al. (2006). Placental 11β-HSD2 activity, early postnatal clinical course, and adrenal function in extremely low birth weight infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L et al. (2006). N-acetyl-L-cysteine restores glutathione-to-glutathione disulfide ratio and prevents human male germ cell apoptosis.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Lindgren CA, Taskinen MR et al. (2006). Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Höglund P, Hihnala S, Kujala M et al. (2006). Disruption of the SLC26A3-mediated anion transport is associated with male subfertility.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Dunkel L (2006). Familial aggregation of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wehkalampi K, Dunkel L (2006). Height outcome in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vera Y, Erkkila K, Wang C et al. (2006). Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in apoptotic signaling of murine and human. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Dunkel L et al. (2006). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) restores GSH-GSSG ratio and prevents human male germ cell apoptosis. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Aksglæde L, Wikström AM, Meyts ERD et al. (2006). Natural history of seminiferous tubule degeneration in Klinefelter syndrome. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U et al. (2006). Placental 11β-HSD2 activity, early postnatal clinical course, and adrenal function in extremely low birth weight infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikstrom A, Bay K, Hero M et al. (2006). Serum INSU levels during puberty in healthy boys and in boys with Klinefelter syndrome. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Bay K, Hero M et al. (2006). Serum insulin-like factor 3 levels during puberty in healthy boys and boys with Klinefelter syndrome. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Norjavaara E, Dunkel L (2005). Inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis with a potent aromatase inhibitor increases predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic short stature: a randomized controlled trial.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Castanares M, Vera Y, Erkkilä K et al. (2005). Minocycline up-regulates BCL-2 levels in mitochondria and attenuates male germ cell apoptosis. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Jänne OA, Näntö-Salonen K et al. (2005). Circulating antiandrogenic activity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during peroral flutamide treatment. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Jänne OA, Näntö-Salonen K et al. (2005). Circulating antiandrogenic activity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia during peroral flutamide treatment.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hochberg Z, Khaesh-Goldberg I, Partsch CJ et al. (2005). Differences in infantile growth patterns in Turner syndrome girls with and without spontaneous puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Suomalainen L, Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L (2005). Sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibits nuclear factor kappaB activation and germ cell apoptosis in the human testis independently of its receptors.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hero M, Wickman S, Hanhijärvi R et al. (2005). Pubertal upregulation of erythropoiesis in boys is determined primarily by androgen.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkila K, Kyttanen S, Lapatto R et al. (2005). ATP production and pyridine nucleotides in human male germ cell death. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vallette-Kasic S, Brue T, Pulichino AM et al. (2005). Congenital isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency: An underestimated cause of neonatal death, explained by TPIT gene mutations. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Otala M, Pentikäinen MO, Matikainen T et al. (2005). Effects of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency on male germ cell development and programmed cell death.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Ståhlberg K, Kairemo K, Erkkilä K et al. (2005). Radiation sensitizing effect of estramustine is not dependent on apoptosis.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkila K, Dunkel L, Kyttanen S (2005). Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Suomalainen L, Dunkel L, Ketola I et al. (2004). Activator protein-1 in human male germ cell apoptosis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Otala M, Mäkinen S, Tuuri T et al. (2004). Effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol on human ovarian tissue survival in culture. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Raivio T, Jänne OA et al. (2004). Circulating Glucocorticoid Bioactivity in the Preterm Newborn after Antenatal Betamethasone Treatment. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Raivio T, Hadziselimovic F et al. (2004). Klinefelter syndrome in adolescence: onset of puberty is associated with accelerated germ cell depletion.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Otala M, Suomalainen L, Pentikäinen MO et al. (2004). Protection from radiation-induced male germ cell loss by sphingosine-1-phosphate.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Dunkel L, Wickman S et al. (2004). Serum androgen bioactivity in adolescence: a longitudinal study of boys with constitutional delay of puberty.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hovi L, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Taskinen M et al. (2004). Subnormal androgen levels in young female bone marrow transplant recipients with ovarian dysfunction, chronic GVHD and receiving glucocorticoid therapy.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (2004). Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism, Female. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Eriksson J, Barker DJ et al. (2003). Birthsize, gestational age and adrenal function in adult life: studies of dexamethasone suppression and ACTH1-24 stimulation. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Suomalainen L, Hakala JK, Pentikäinen V et al. (2003). Sphingosine-1-phosphate in inhibition of male germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Silventoinen K, Sammalisto S, Perola M et al. (2003). Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Wickman S (2003). Novel treatment of short stature with aromatase inhibitors.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L, Wikström M et al. (2003). Chemical anoxia delays germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wickman S, Kajantie E, Dunkel L (2003). Effects of suppression of estrogen action by the p450 aromatase inhibitor letrozole on bone mineral density and bone turnover in pubertal boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Toppari J, Kaleva M et al. (2003). Serum androgen bioactivity in cryptorchid and noncryptorchid boys during the postnatal reproductive hormone surge.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wikström AM, Hovi L, Dunkel L et al. (2003). Restoration of ovarian function after chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Fall CHD, Seppälä M et al. (2003). Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-1 in Elderly People: Relationships with Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Body Composition, Size at Birth, and Childhood Growth. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Dunkel L, Erkkilä K (2003). Male germ cell apoptosis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Mäkitie O, Sochett E, Dunkel L (2003). Osteoporosis--a new challenge for pediatricians.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Turpeinen U et al. (2003). Placental 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 and Fetal Cortisol/Cortisone Shuttle in Small Preterm Infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Phillips DIW, Andersson S et al. (2002). Size at birth, gestational age and cortisol secretion in adult life: foetal programming of both hyper‐ and hypocortisolism?. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Hreinsson JG, Otala M, Fridström M et al. (2002). Follicles are found in the ovaries of adolescent girls with Turner's syndrome. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Rutanen E-M et al. (2002). IGF-I, IGF Binding Protein (IGFBP)-3, Phosphoisoforms of IGFBP-1, and Postnatal Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Jaatinen R, Bondestam J, Raivio T et al. (2002). Activation of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway induces inhibin beta(B)-subunit mRNA and secreted inhibin B levels in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Otala M, Erkkilä K, Tuuri T et al. (2002). Cell death and its suppression in human ovarian tissue culture.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Dunkel L (2002). Inhibins in childhood and puberty.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wickman S, Saukkonen T, Dunkel L (2002). The role of sex steroids in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and serum lipid concentrations during male puberty: a prospective study with a P450-aromatase inhibitor.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkilä K, Aito H, Aalto K et al. (2002). Lactate inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Wickman S (2002). Novel treatment of delayed male puberty with aromatase inhibitors.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Suomalainen L, Erkkilä K et al. (2002). Nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human testicular apoptosis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Malozowski S, Cianfarani S, Dunkel L (2001). Role of hormones in puberty [7] (multiple letters). nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wickman S, Dunkel L (2001). Inhibition of P450 aromatase enhances gonadotropin secretion in early and midpubertal boys: evidence for a pituitary site of action of endogenous E.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L et al. (2001). TNFα down-regulates the Fas ligand and inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kajantie E, Dunkel L, Risteli J et al. (2001). Markers of Type I and III Collagen Turnover as Indicators of Growth Velocity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L et al. (2001). TNFalpha down-regulates the Fas ligand and inhibits germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Wickman S, Sipilä I, Ankarberg-Lindgren C et al. (2001). A specific aromatase inhibitor and potential increase in adult height in boys with delayed puberty: a randomised controlled trial.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Mäkitie OM, Tapanainen PJ, Dunkel L et al. (2001). Impaired spermatogenesis: an unrecognized feature of cartilage-hair hypoplasia.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Palvimo JJ, Dunkel L et al. (2001). Novel assay for determination of androgen bioactivity in human serum.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Wickman S (2001). Treatment of delayed male puberty: efficacy of aromatase inhibition.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Mäkitie O, Juvonen E, Dunkel L et al. (2000). Anemia in children with cartilage-hair hypoplasia is related to body growth and to the insulin-like growth factor system. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Ketola I, Pentikäinen V, Vaskivuo T et al. (2000). Expression of transcription factor GATA-4 during human testicular development and disease.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Vaskivuo TE, Stenbäck F, Karhumaa P et al. (2000). Apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins in human endometrium. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Suomalainen L et al. (2000). Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Saukkonen S, Jääskeläinen J et al. (2000). Signaling between the pituitary gland and the testes: inverse relationship between serum FSH and inhibin B concentrations in boys in early puberty.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Dunkel L (1999). Inverse relationship between serum inhibin B and FSH levels in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkilä K, Pentikäinen V, Wikström M et al. (1999). Partial oxygen pressure and mitochondrial permeability transition affect germ cell apoptosis in the human testis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Dunkel L (1999). Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testis in vitro.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Pentikäinen V, Erkkilä K, Dunkel L (1999). Fas regulates germ cell apoptosis in the human testis in vitro. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Kairemo KJA, Verho S, Dunkel L (1999). Imaging of McCune-Albright syndrome using bone single photon emission computed tomography. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Perheentupa A, McNeilly AS et al. (1998). Biphasic increase in serum inhibin B during puberty: a longitudinal study of healthy Finnish boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkilä K, Hirvonen V, Wuokko E et al. (1998). N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits apoptosis in human male germ cells in vitro.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Mäkitie O, Dunkel L, Siimes MA (1998). Body Growth and Erythropoiesis are Related to Each Other in Children with Cartilage-hair Hypoplasia 458. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (1998). Cryptorchidism--how to examine and how to treat?.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Taskinen S, Hovatta O et al. (1997). Germ cell apoptosis after treatment of cryptorchidism with human chorionic gonadotropin is associated with impaired reproductive function in the adult.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Erkkilä K, Henriksén K, Hirvonen V et al. (1997). Testosterone regulates apoptosis in adult human seminiferous tubules in vitro.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Hirvonen V, Erkkilä K (1997). Clinical aspects of male germ cell apoptosis during testis development and spermatogenesis.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Raivio T, Laine J et al. (1997). Circulating luteinizing hormone receptor inhibitor(s) in boys with chronic renal failure.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Albertsson-Wikland K, Rosberg S, Lannering B et al. (1997). Twenty-four-hour profiles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol levels: A semilongitudinal study throughout puberty in healthy boys. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Laine J, Etelämäki P, Holmberg C et al. (1997). Apoptotic cell death in human chronic renal allograft rejection.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Toppari J, Perheentupa A et al. (1997). Treatment of prepubertal gonadotrophin-deficient boys with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone [4]. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Tapanainen P (1997). Whats new concerning endocrinology of puberty. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Tapanainen P (1997). [Whats new concerning endocrinology of puberty].. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Demir A, Voutilainen R, Juul A et al. (1996). Increase in first morning voided urinary luteinizing hormone levels precedes the physical onset of puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Raivio T, Huhtaniemi I, Anttila R et al. (1996). The role of luteinizing hormone-beta gene polymorphism in the onset and progression of puberty in healthy boys.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Heiskanen P, Billig H, Toppari J et al. (1996). Apoptotic cell death in the normal and cryptorchid human testis: the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular cell survival.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Huhtaniemi IT, Haavisto AM, Anttila R et al. (1996). Sensitive immunoassay and in vitro bioassay demonstrate constant bioactive/immunoreactive ratio of luteinizing hormone in healthy boys during the pubertal maturation. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Demir A, Dunkel L, Stenman UH et al. (1995). Age-related course of urinary gonadotropins in children.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Nishimori K, Dunkel L, Hsueh AJ et al. (1995). Expression of luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in human corpora lutea during menstrual cycle and pregnancy. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Tilly JL, Shikone T et al. (1994). Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in the Rat Ovary: Increases during Prepubertal Development and Regulation by the Opposing Actions of Transforming Growth Factors β and α1. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Demir A, Dunkel L, Alfthan H et al. (1994). A Clinically Useful Method for Detecting Gonadotropins in Children: Assessment of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) from Urine Instead of Serum by Ultra-Sensitive Time-Resolved Immunofluorometric Assays Employing Also the LHspec Kit. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Siimes MA, Bremner WJ (1993). Reduced inhibin and elevated gonadotropin levels in early pubertal boys with testicular defects.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Jia XC, Nishimori K et al. (1993). Deglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) antagonizes hCG stimulation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation through a noncompetitive interaction with recombinant human luteinizing hormone receptors. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Siimes MA, Bremner WJ (1993). Reduced inhibin and elevated gonadotropin levels in early pubertal boys with testicular defects. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH et al. (1992). Developmental changes in 24-hour profiles of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from prepuberty to midstages of puberty in boys. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Siimes MA, Dunkel L, Rautonen J (1992). Risk factors for endocrine testicular dysfunction in adolescent and adult males who have survived malignancies in childhood. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J (1991). Developmental delay in a boy.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Lahdenne P, Dunkel L, Heikinheimo M et al. (1991). Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and sperm abnormalities in men born with benign sacrococcygeal teratoma.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Huhtaniemi I (1990). Testicular responsiveness to hCG during infancy measured by salivary testosterone.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Haavisto A-M, Dunkel L, Pettersson K et al. (1990). LH Measurements by in Vitro Bioassay and a Highly Sensitive Immunofluorometric Assay Improve the Distinction between Boys with Constitutional Delay of Puberty and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH et al. (1990). Pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH in prepubertal and early pubertal boys revealed by ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman UH et al. (1990). Gonadal control of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in prepubertal boys evaluated by ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Mäkipernaa A, Dunkel L, Siimes MA (1990). Growth after treatment of solid tumours in childhood.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Riikonen R, Simell O, Dunkel L et al. (1989). Hormonal background of the hypertension and fluid derangements associated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone treatment of infants.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Sorva R, Kuusi T, Dunkel L et al. (1988). Effects of endogenous sex steroids on serum lipoproteins and postheparin plasma lipolytic enzymes.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Alfthan H, Stenman U-H et al. (1988). GONADAL CONTROL OF PULSATILE SECRETION OF LB AND FSB IN PREPUBERTAL BOYS. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Sane T, Valtonen M, Dunkel L et al. (1988). Post-traumatic hypopituitarism.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Hovi L, Siimes MA (1987). Impaired prolactin responsiveness to a dopamine antagonist in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Anttila PH, Dunkel L, Simell O (1987). Abnormal LH and prolactin responses in acrodermatitis enteropathica during hypozincaemia.. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Perheentupa J, Riikonen R, Dunkel L et al. (1986). Adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness after treatment with ACTH of infantile spasms. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (1986). Metoclopramide test in the diagnosis of isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Huhtaniemi I, Dunkel L, Perheentupa J (1986). Transient increase in postnatal testicular activity is not revealed by longitudinal measurements of salivary testosterone. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Taino VM, Savilahti E et al. (1985). Effect of endogenous androgens on lymphocyte subpopulations. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, SORVA R (1985). Single Versus Repeated Dose Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation in the Differential Diagnosis of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism*. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Huhtaniemi I (1985). Abnormal prolactin secretion in prepubertal boys with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism — possible involvement in regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L (1985). Decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin during human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation in prepubertal boys. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Virtanen M et al. (1985). GnRH and HCG Tests Are Both Necessary in Differential Diagnosis of Male Delayed Puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Virtanen M et al. (1985). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone test and human chorionic gonadotropin test in the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency in prepubertal boys. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Apter D (1985). Kinetics of the steroidogenic response to single versus repeated doses of human chorionic gonadotropin in boys in prepuberty and early puberty. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Sorva R, Voutilainen R (1985). Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin in obese children. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • DUNKEL L, PERHEENTUPA J, TAPANAINEN J et al. (1984). Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in Newborn Males with Primary Testicular Failure. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J, Tapanainen J et al. (1984). Responsiveness of the Pituitary–testicular axis to gonadotropin–releasing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin during the first week of life. nameOfConference


    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel LM (1983). Moral and humane: patients' libraries in early nineteenth-century American mental hospitals.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel L, Perheentupa J (1981). Male puberty in a (46,XY-)girl.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref
  • Dunkel LM (1976). Library to patient: new role for the patients' librarian.. nameOfConference

    DOI: doi

    QMRO: qmroHref

Sponsors

Collaborators

Internal

External

  • Prof. Nelly Pitteloud (Lausanne, Switzerland)
  • Prof. Mark Palmert (Toronto, Canada)
  • Yee-Ming Chan (Boston, USA)
  • Raja Brauner (Paris, France)
  • Anders Juul (Copenhagen, Denmark)
  • Romina Grinspon and Rodolfo Rey (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
  • Alexander Jorge and Ana Claudia (São Paolo, Brazil)
  • Verónica Mericq and Paulina Merino (Santiago, Chile)
  • Vincent Prevot (Lille France)
  • Jaques Young (Paris, France)
  • Anna Cariboni (Milan, Italy)
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